Developmental disorders, also known as neurodevelopmental disorders, are a diverse group of long-term conditions that affect people in early childhood through to adulthood. These disorders can affect the function of the brain and nervous system, and interfere with a person’s ability to participate in personal, social, and academic environments.
This includes differences in cognition, mobility, behaviour, and communication. Each developmental disorder presents varying signs and symptoms, but most are characterised by a delay in reaching developmental milestones.
Types of Developmental Disorders:
Many developmental disorders begin before birth and persist through adulthood. In some cases, they occur as a result of injury, trauma, or chronic diseases. Common developmental disorders include:
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Autism
A neurodevelopmental disorder that causes differences in a person’s ability to learn, interact, behave and experience the environment around them.
Autism is characterised by different expressions of social skills and the way in which someone provides and receives communication.
Autistic individuals often have focused and intense interests that can change over time or remain consistent.
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Specific Learning Disorder
A neurodevelopmental impairment that alters a person’s cognitive ability to process information.
Common learning disabilities include dyslexia (difficulty reading and spelling), dysgraphia (difficulty translating thoughts into written words), and dyscalculia (difficulty learning and performing mathematical calculations).
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ADHD
A neurological condition characterised by varying levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviours.
Symptoms may include difficulty concentrating on certain tasks, difficulty with organisation, talking excessively, fidgeting, or sensory-seeking.
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Intellectual Developmental Disorder
A neurological condition characterised by varying levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive behaviours.
Symptoms may include difficulty concentrating on certain tasks, difficulty with organisation, talking excessively, fidgeting, or sensory-seeking.
Other Forms of Developmental Disorders Include:
- Down syndrome
- Genetic disorders
- Spina bifida
- Muscular dystrophy
- Velocardiofacial syndrome
- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs)
- Language disorder
Effects of Developmental Disorders
The effects of developmental disorders depend on the type and severity of the condition and the area in which development is affected. Developmental disorders can affect a person’s physical, intellectual, and emotional abilities. Some people may experience difficulties with their career, personal relationships, or their ability to live independently
Conditions that are related to language and speech may be outgrown and overcome with the help of therapy. For genetic conditions and physical challenges, long-term therapy and support may be required.
Many individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders develop their own strategies for navigating life and acquire unique skills that enable them to lead dynamic and fulfilling lives despite their challenges.
